Distributed power control over interference channels using ACK/NACK feedback

In this work, we consider a network composed of several single-antenna transmitter-receiver pairs in which each pair aims at selfishly minimizing the power required to achieve a given signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. This is obtained modeling the transmitter-receiver pairs as rational agents that engage in a non-cooperative game. Capitalizing on the well-known results on the existence and structure of the generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) point of the underlying game, a low complexity, iterative and distributed algorithm is derived to let each terminal reach the GNE using only a limited feedback in the form of link-layer acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK). Numerical results are used to prove that the proposed solution is able to achieve convergence in a scalable and adaptive manner under different operating conditions.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Austin, Texas, Dec. 201

Cross-layer link adaptation for goodput optimization in MIMO BIC-OFDM systems

This work proposes a novel cross-layer link performance prediction (LPP) model and link adaptation (LA) strategy for soft-decoded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) bit-interleaved coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (BIC-OFDM) systems employing hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocols. The derived LPP, exploiting the concept of effective signal-to-noise ratio mapping (ESM) to model system performance over frequency-selective channels, does not only account for the actual channel state information at the transmitter and the adoption of practical modulation and coding schemes (MCSs), but also for the effect of the HARQ mechanism with bit-level combining at the receiver. Such method, named aggregated ESM, or αESM for short, exhibits an accurate performance prediction combined with a closed-form solution, enabling a flexible LA strategy, that selects at every protocol round the MCS maximizing the expected goodput (EGP), i.e., the number of correctly received bits per unit of time. The analytical expression of the EGP is derived capitalizing on the αESM and resorting to the renewal theory. Simulation results carried out in realistic wireless scenarios corroborate our theoretical claims and show the performance gain obtained by the proposed αESM-based LA strategy when compared with the best LA algorithms proposed so far for the same kind of systems

Energy-efficient link resource allocation in the multibeam satellite downlink under QoS constraints

The paper proposes a novel adaptive coding and modulation scheme, based on DVB-S2X standard, which ensure very high spectral efficiency, and an energy-efficient power control (PC) algorithm to optimize the goodput over a multibeam satellite downlink. Results show performance improvement whenand compared withto conventional PC approaches based on rate satisfaction

Adaptive Techniques for Packet-Oriented Transmissions in Future Multicarrier Wireless Systems

I sistemi wireless dei prossimi anni sono tenuti a fornire trasmissioni caratterizzate da data rate e affidabilità sempre maggiori per sostenere la sempre più crescente richiesta di applicazioni e servizi eterogenei. Inoltre, tali requisiti devono essere soddisfatti nel difficile ambiente di propagazione rappresentato dal canale wireless, e devono far fronte alla scarsità dello spettro radio disponibile. Per tali sistemi, la tecnica di modulazione multiportante nota come orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) è emersa come tecnologia chiave a livello fisico grazie alla sua elevata efficienza spettrale, struttura di ricetrasmissione piuttosto semplice e robustezza al fenomeno di multipath fading. In tale contesto, questa tesi indaga nuove tecniche adattative in cui le risorse e parametri di trasmissione sono adattati in base alle informazioni sullo stato di canale al fine di fornire una consegna affidabile ed efficiente di pacchetti dati su canali selettivi in frequenza. Queste tecniche, note in letteratura come link resource adaptation (LRA) e resource allocation (RA), sono proposte in combinazione con un numero di funzionalità avanzate come l'efficiente tecnica di codifica di canale chiamata bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) e meccanismi di hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). Diversamente dalla maggior parte dei problemi di LRA e RA considerati nella letteratura, questa tesi si basa sul goodput come figura di merito, definito come il numero di bit di informazione consegnati in pacchetti senza errori per unità di tempo. Quest'ultimo rappresenta, infatti, una metrica adeguata per dare un quadro attendibile delle effettive prestazioni del collegamento caratterizzato da modulazione e codifici pratici, trasmissioni a pacchetto e meccanismi di HARQ. In dettaglio, i contributi principali della tesi sono: la derivazione di una strategia di LRA che assegna modulazione, tasso di codifica e potenza ad un sistema BIC-OFDM cognitivo; un nuovo metodo di predizione delle prestazioni, che sfrutta la metodologia di effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), per sistemi BIC-OFDM impieganti protocolli di HARQ con packet combining; un algoritmo di LRA che seleziona la migliore distribuzione dei bit e tasso di codifica per sistemi BIC-OFDM; uno schema equo di RA che assegna potenza, ordine di modulazione, tasso di codifica e sottoportanti agli utenti sul downlink di un sistema BIC orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) col fine di ottimizzare le prestazioni dell'utente avente il valore più basso di goodput

A Simplified ALE model for finite element simulation of ballistic impacts with bullet splash – development and experimental validation

An original simplified finite element model is proposed to simulate the effects of non-penetrating ballistic impacts causing the so-called bullet splash phenomenon (complete bullet fragmentation), while no fragmentation is caused to the target. The model is based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation (ALE) and it simulates the impact as a fluid-structure interaction. The bullet splash phenomenon has been tested by experimental analyses of AISI 304L plates impacted by 9x21 FMJ (full metal jacket) bullets. The model has been developed with the aim of creating a simplified approach to be used in the industry and forensic sciences to simulate the non-penetrating interaction of soft impactors with hard targets. Comparisons between evidence and simulation results lead to the conclusion that the proposed approach can be used in a conservative way to estimate both local and global effects of bullet-splash phenomena

A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets

An original simplified formula is proposed to estimate the load history caused by ballistic impacts characterized by the so-called bullet splash phenomenon, consisting in the complete bullet fragmentation with no penetration of the target. The formula is based on the progressive momentum variation of the mass of the bullet impacting on a planar plate normal to the impact direction. The method aims at creating a simplified approach to assess the response of structures by means of explicit finite element simulations without the need of modelling the interaction between impactor and target. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to estimate the forces generated by bullet-splash phenomena of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets and effectively applied to finite element simulations allowing significant reductions in computational cost

Power-efficient distributed resource allocation under goodput QoS constraints for heterogeneous networks

This work proposes a distributed resource allocation (RA) algorithm for packet bit-interleaved coded OFDM transmissions in the uplink of heterogeneous networks (HetNets), characterized by small cells deployed over a macrocell area and sharing the same band. Every user allocates its transmission resources, i.e., bits per active subcarrier, coding rate, and power per subcarrier, to minimize the power consumption while both guaranteeing a target quality of service (QoS) and accounting for the interference inflicted by other users transmitting over the same band. The QoS consists of the number of information bits delivered in error-free packets per unit of time, or goodput (GP), estimated at the transmitter by resorting to an efficient effective SNR mapping technique. First, the RA problem is solved in the point-to-point case, thus deriving an approximate yet accurate closed-form expression for the power allocation (PA). Then, the interference-limited HetNet case is examined, where the RA problem is described as a non-cooperative game, providing a solution in terms of generalized Nash equilibrium. Thanks to the closed-form of the PA, the solution analysis is based on the best response concept. Hence, sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of the solution are analytically derived, along with a distributed algorithm capable of reaching the game equilibrium

Link-Layer Coding for GNSS Navigation Messages

In this paper, we face the problem of ensuring reliability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) in harsh channel conditions, where obstacles and scatter cause long outage events that cannot be counteracted with channel coding only. Our novel approach, stemming from information-theoretic considerations, is based on link-layer coding (LLC). LLC allows us to significantly improve the efficiency in terms of time-to-first-fix with respect to current operational GNSSs, which adopt carousel transmission. First, we investigate the maximum theoretical LLC gain under different Land Mobile Satellite channel conditions. Then, some practical LLC coding schemes, namely, fountain codes and a novel low-density parity-check plus low-rate repetition coding, are proposed and tested in realistic single-satellite and multi-satellite Land Mobile Satellite scenarios, considering the Galileo I/NAV message as study case. Simulation results show that our designed schemes largely improve on carousel transmission and achieve near-optimal performance with limited increase in complexity. Also, back-compatibility of LLC is assessed with respect to present-time GNSS specifications. © 2018 Institute of Navigation

A simplified constitutive model for a SEBS gel muscle simulant - Development and experimental validation for finite elements simulations of handgun and rifle ballistic impacts

An original simplified constitutive model is proposed to simulate the effects of ballistic impacts on blocks of synthetic muscle simulant based on mineral oil and styrene ethylene-butylene styrene polymers (SEBS) as a convenient substitute for Fackler ballistic gelatin. The model is based on a quasi-static elastic-plastic model associated with hydrodynamic properties regulated by a polynomial equation of state. The paper illustrates the development and experimental validation of the model to simulate 9x21mm FMJ round-nose, 7.62x39 mm FMJ, and 5.56x45 mm NATO bullets penetrating 145x145x400 mm gel blocks. All material parameters are provided to be implemented in built-in LS-Dyna keywords. The validation confirms the effectiveness of the model and suggests possible further developments. The work also confirms the tested synthetic gel as a valid and convenient substitute for Fackler 10% ballistic gelatin at 4 °C